Abstract: Talc powder is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine, but its safe application remains controversial. To provide scientific evidence supporting the safe use of talc powder, the toxic effects of talc powder were investigated using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. First, the surface morphology of talc powder was observed using scanning electron microscopy, and its particle size distribution was determined via polarized light microscopy. Second, L4-stage wild-type N2 Caenorhabditis elegans were exposed to talc powder suspensions at mass concentrations of 0, 40, and 80 mg/mL for 48 hours. The effects on Caenorhabitis elegans locomotor behavior (body bending and head thrashing), growth and development (body length and width), reproductive capacity (number of offspring), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and apoptosis were examined. Finally, the transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans (EG1285 and DA1240) were independently exposed to talc powder suspensions at mass concentrations of 0, 40, and 80 mg/mL, respectively, to observe the effects of the talc powder suspensions on the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons and glutamatergic neurons of Caenorhabditis elegans. Results showed: (1) No needle-like structures were observed in this batch of talc powder, indicating no asbestos content; the average particle size was 3.70 μm, meeting pharmaceutical standards. (2) Compared to the control group, L4-stage wild-type N2 Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to talc powder suspensions at concentrations of 40 and 80 mg/mL exhibited increases in body length of 1.01% and decreases of 5.05%, respectively, while body width decreased by 3.43% and 2.93%, respectively; The number of offspring from wild-type N2 Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to talc powder suspensions at concentrations of 40 and 80 mg/mL decreased by 2.91% and 1.45%, respectively. (3) Compared to the transgenic control group, relative fluorescence intensity decreased by 2.94% and 3.45% in transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans EG1285 exposed to talc powder suspensions at concentrations of 40 and 80 mg/mL, respectively; Following exposure to talc powder suspensions at concentrations of 40 and 80 mg/mL, the relative fluorescence intensity of transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans DA1240 increased by 4.26% and decreased by 1.00%, respectively. None of the changes in the indicators observed in the above exposure experiments were statistically significant. In summary, after 48 hours of exposure to talc powder suspensions ranging from 0 to 80 mg/mL, no significant effects were observed on Caenorhabiditis elegans growth and development, the nervous system or reproductive systems, or oxidative stress levels. This indicates that talc powder exhibits no toxic effects under these conditions.