Abstract: In order to explore the rapid identification method of Aquilaria sinensis production areas and different sources of leaves of Aquilaria sinensis, 48 samples of leaves of Aquilaria sinensis from different varieties and different origins were detected and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, and a method for identifying leaves of Aquilaria sinensis from different origins with high classification accuracy was established. First, a liquid chromatography column Thermo BETASIL C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid in water was used as the mobile phase, the column temperature was 30 ℃, the volume flow rate was 1 mL/min, the injection volume was 20 μL, and the UV detection wavelength was 280 nm. Then, 48 samples to be tested were determined using the "Chromatographic Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System for Traditional Chinese Medicine Version A (2012)", and the high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprints of Aquilaria sinensis from diffe-rent origins were established by combining with SPSS software. The experimental results showed that: (1) A total of 25 common peaks were identified among the high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprints of 48 samples to be tested, and the relative standard deviation of the relative retention time of the common peaks was small (RSD < 1.2%) and the relative standard deviation of the relative peak area was large (RSD>2.0%), indicating that the main chemical components of leaves of Aquilaria sinensis from different regions were stable, but their contents varied significantly. (2) Systematic cluster analysis could divide 48 samples of Aquilaria sinensis from different origins into 14 categories. The results show that the high-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint can be applied to the identification of the production area of Aquilaria sinensis and the rapid identification of leaves of Aquilaria sinensis from different sources, which has the advantages of high efficiency, rapidity and convenience.