Abstract: Ozone pollution in central China has become increasingly prominent during the rapid industrialization and urbanization process, posing a serious threat to human health and ecosystems in the region. To address the lack of understanding of ozone (O₃) pollution dynamics in central China, OMI ozone remote sensing data were used to extract and analyze the ozone column concentration data for Henan Province from 2010 to 2020. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of total ozone levels in Henan Province over the past 11 years are explored, and the mechanisms influencing these changes are investigated. The results indicate that: (1)Over the past 11 years, the total ozone amount in Henan Province has shown an overall downward trend, with brief rebounds in 2014, 2018, and 2020. The spatial distribution across years consistently displayed a north-south gradient, with higher concentrations in the north and lower in the south. (2) The monthly average ozone column concentration in Henan Province exhibited a clear seasonal cycle, typically peaking in March-April and reaching its lowest levels in October-December. The seasonal average ozone concentrations were highest in spring (320.29 DU), followed by summer (301.25 DU), winter (293.60 DU), and autumn (280.38 DU). (3) Based on an analysis of meteorological factors (such as temperature, pressure, and sunshine duration), backward trajectory models, and potential source areas, significant seasonal variations in the sources and causes of ozone pollution in Henan Province were identified: in spring, pollution is primarily influenced by the transport of pollutants from Gansu and Sichuan in the northwest and southwest, respectively; in summer, pollutants are mainly transported from Shandong Province and nearby coastal regions in the northeast; and in autumn and winter, pollutant transport primarily originates from Gansu, Qinghai, and local sources within Henan. The results reveal the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of ozone pollution in Henan Province, clarify key transport pathways and major pollution sources, and could provide a scientific basis for the development of regional air pollution control strategies.