Demystifying the Carbon Footprint of Electric Vehicle Batteries Within the Whole Life Cycle

The calculation rules for the carbon footprint of electric vehicle batteries outlined in Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 are systematically studied within the context of their entire life cycle. The carbon emissions associated with batteries during the phases of raw material acquisition and pre-processing, manufacturing, distribution, and waste treatment and recycling are reviewed, underscoring the critical importance of life cycle analysis. A comparative assessment of the carbon footprints of various battery types is presented. Based on the findings, scenario predictions and carbon reduction strategies for electric vehicle batteries are proposed. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of the sustainable development of electric vehicles and provide a scientific foundation for policy formulation.