Abstract: Based on the precipitation of five meteorological stations of Ning Jiang river and hydrological date gathered from Hekou station from 1986—2013, landscape pattern metrics with land use and land cover date derived from the Landsat TM imagery acquired in 1986, 1995, 2005 and 2013,the changes in landscape pattern are performed statistically with SPSS program to analyze the relationship between landscape index and runoff. The results indicate that the amount of precipitation has no obvious varieties while the runoff has appeared significant descendent trend since 2002. With the development of Urbanization and returning the dry upland to forest or grass land from 1980s, the area of construction land, forestland and virgin land have increased dramatically. However, grassland, cultivated land and water area have decreased. Influenced by human activities, the number of patch ( NP), patch density(PD), largest patch index (LPI) were decreased sharply in 1986-2013, and the river basin landscape fragmentation degree was increased in recent years. The effect of NP, PD, LPI, IJJ on runoff is significant, while the Shannon’ diversity index(SHDI), Landscape shape index(LSI), Contagion index(CONTAG), patch shape index(PSI) show that there is no effect on the runoff change. When the runoff increasing with the number of patch is more than 2 500, the patch density is greater than 18, the largest patch index is bigger than 66% or the largest patch index is more than 50, the runoff is increased accordingly.