Morphogenesis, Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization in Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Line as Regulated by Grown under Different Root constructs
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摘要: 在石英砂培养条件下,研究了切除种子根和阻止不定根下扎，对不同根系构成的玉米形态建成、氮素吸收和利用及吸收根补偿效应的影响。结果表明,玉米地上部形态建成随根系形态建成的抑制而抑制，反映为全株干物重随根的干物重、长度、表面积和体积的减弱而显著下降，根冠比减小。控制不定根扎入砂中但保留种子根（处理Ⅰ）及切除种子根且控制不定根扎入砂中（处理Ⅱ）的植株与对照相比，虽全株氮吸收量显著下降，但通过加强氮素在地上部分配利用及大幅提高氮素吸收效率而体现了较高的氮素利用效率。处理Ⅰ和处理Ⅱ的玉米吸收根表现出强烈补偿生长现象，但不同根系形态性状对吸收根补偿效应的贡献随根系间差异、特别是根的粗细差异而变化。与对照相比，处理Ⅰ植株和处理Ⅱ植株中，补偿效应最强的是根长、其次是根表面积、第三是根体积、根干物质重最弱；但处理Ⅱ与处理Ⅰ比较，根干物质重补偿效应最强、根长和根表面积相近居其次、根体积最弱。表明当玉米根体积差别大时，根长比根干物质重更能体现根系功能，而当玉米根体积相近时，根干物质重比根长对根系功能更有意义。Abstract: Maize(Zea mays L.) was grown in quartz sand culture either with a normal root system (co- ntrols) or with seminal roots and primary root(treatmentⅠ, ‘double-rooted’),with primary root only (trea- tment Ⅱ, ‘single-rooted’).Development of adventitious roots was prevented by using plants with an eti- olated mesocotyl and the stem base was positioned 5 cm -8 cm above the sand(Fig.1Da). As compare with controls, the growth of the whole plants(Table1) and their shoots(Fig.1A), their ratio of absorption root to shoot (Fig.3)were restricted as roots were restricted. Even though the net increments in dry we- ight(Table6), N contents(Table6) and N contents(Table5) of whole plants which had either with seminal roots and primary root or with primary root only were obviously decreased during a 10-d study period, but they enable the plants to restore the more strongly N use efficiency by some compensatory growth mechanisms under root system was restricted, such as increments in N allocation of shoots was obvio- usly increased(Table5),the N absorption efficiency of roots was greatly increased(Fig.2). As compare with controls, among the root characteristics of treatmentⅠand treatment Ⅱthat were analyzed, root length had strongest effect on the root function, root dry weight had the weakest effect, root surface area and root volume which had similar effect on the root function was intermediate. Between treatment Ⅱ and treatmentⅠ, root dry weight had strongest effect on the root function, root volume had the weakest effect, root length and root surface area which had similar effect on the root function was intermediate. The results indicated that root length was more important to the root function than the root dry weight when there was great difference in different plant root volume, but root dry weight was more important to the root function than the root length when different plant root volume was similar.
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[1] 李伯航, 冯光明, 何文斌.玉米器官建成的主次关系的研究[J].作物学报1962(4):419－426.[J].作物学报, 1962, 1(4):419-426
[2]Morita S, Iwabuchi A, Yamazaki K.Relationships between the growth direction of primary roots and yield in rice plants[J].Jap J Cro Sci 1986(85):520-525.[J].Jap J Cro Sci, 1986, 85(85):520-525
[3] Morita S, Suga T, Yamazaki K.Relationships between root length density and yield in rice plants[J].Jap J Cro Sci,1988( 57):438-443.[J].Jap J Cro Sci, 1988, 57(57):438-443
[4] 戴俊英, 鄂玉江, 顾慰连.玉米根系的生长规律及其与产量关系的研究.作物学报1988(14):310－314.[J].作物学报, 1988, 14(4):310-314
[5] 王成己, 郭继勋, 宋日, 等.玉米深层根系对地上部营养生长和产量的影响[J].玉米科学2002(10):63－66.[J].玉米科学, 2002, 10(3):63-66
[6] 宋海星, 李生秀.玉米生长空间对根系吸收特性的影响[J].中国农业科学2003(36):899－904.[J].中国农业科学, 2003, 36(8):899-904
[7] Jeschke WD, Holobrada M, Hartung W.Growth of Zea mays L.plants with their seminal roots only effects on plant development, xylem transport, mineral nutrition and the flow and distribution of abscisic acid(ABA)as a possible shoot to root signal[J].J Exp Bot1997 ( 48): 1229-1239.[J].J Exp Bot, 1997, 48(48):1229-1239
[8] 张丽梅, 贺立源, 李建生, 等.不同耐低磷基因型玉米磷营养特性研究[J].中国农业科学2005 (38):110－115.[J].中国农业科学, 2005, 38(38):110-115
[9] 张福锁, 马文奇, 陈新平.养分资源综合理论与技术概论[M].北京：中国农业大学出版社2005:1－47.
[10] Moll RH, Kamprath EJ, Jackson WA.Analysis and interpretation of factors which contribute to efficiency of N utilization[J].Agr J1982（74）: 562-564.[J].Agr J, 1982, 74(74):562-564
[11] Hirel B, Bertin P, Quilleré I, etc.Towards a better understanding of the genetic and physiological basis for nitrogen use efficiency in maize[J]. Plant Physiol2001 (125):1258-1270.[J].Plant Physiol, 2001, 125(125):1258-1270
[12]Jesko, T.Removal of all nodal roots initiating the extension growth in Sorghum saccharatum（L.）MOENCH.Ⅱ[J].Effect on growth analysis data.Photosy 1972(6):282-290.[J].Effect on growth analysis data.Photosy, 1972, 6(6):282-290
[13]侯慧芝, 黄高宝, 郭清毅, 等.干旱灌区冬小麦根系的生长冗余[J].生态学杂志2007(26):1407－1411.[J].生态学杂志, 2007, 26(9):1407-1411
[14]张亚洁, 苏祖芳, 杨连新, 等.旱育中籼稻根系形态性状及其与产量构成因素关系的研究[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版) 2002 (23):59－62.[J].扬州大学学报, 2002, 23(1):59-62
[15]Bloom AJ, Sukrapanna SS, Warner RL.Root respiration associated with ammonium and nitrate absorption and assimilation by barley[J].Plant Physiol 1992(99):1294-1301.[J].Plant Physiol, 1992, 99(99):1294-1301
[1] 李伯航, 冯光明, 何文斌.玉米器官建成的主次关系的研究[J].作物学报1962(4):419－426.[J].作物学报, 1962, 1(4):419-426
[2]Morita S, Iwabuchi A, Yamazaki K.Relationships between the growth direction of primary roots and yield in rice plants[J].Jap J Cro Sci 1986(85):520-525.[J].Jap J Cro Sci, 1986, 85(85):520-525
[3] Morita S, Suga T, Yamazaki K.Relationships between root length density and yield in rice plants[J].Jap J Cro Sci,1988( 57):438-443.[J].Jap J Cro Sci, 1988, 57(57):438-443
[4] 戴俊英, 鄂玉江, 顾慰连.玉米根系的生长规律及其与产量关系的研究.作物学报1988(14):310－314.[J].作物学报, 1988, 14(4):310-314
[5] 王成己, 郭继勋, 宋日, 等.玉米深层根系对地上部营养生长和产量的影响[J].玉米科学2002(10):63－66.[J].玉米科学, 2002, 10(3):63-66
[6] 宋海星, 李生秀.玉米生长空间对根系吸收特性的影响[J].中国农业科学2003(36):899－904.[J].中国农业科学, 2003, 36(8):899-904
[7] Jeschke WD, Holobrada M, Hartung W.Growth of Zea mays L.plants with their seminal roots only effects on plant development, xylem transport, mineral nutrition and the flow and distribution of abscisic acid(ABA)as a possible shoot to root signal[J].J Exp Bot1997 ( 48): 1229-1239.[J].J Exp Bot, 1997, 48(48):1229-1239
[8] 张丽梅, 贺立源, 李建生, 等.不同耐低磷基因型玉米磷营养特性研究[J].中国农业科学2005 (38):110－115.[J].中国农业科学, 2005, 38(38):110-115
[9] 张福锁, 马文奇, 陈新平.养分资源综合理论与技术概论[M].北京：中国农业大学出版社2005:1－47.
[10] Moll RH, Kamprath EJ, Jackson WA.Analysis and interpretation of factors which contribute to efficiency of N utilization[J].Agr J1982（74）: 562-564.[J].Agr J, 1982, 74(74):562-564
[11] Hirel B, Bertin P, Quilleré I, etc.Towards a better understanding of the genetic and physiological basis for nitrogen use efficiency in maize[J]. Plant Physiol2001 (125):1258-1270.[J].Plant Physiol, 2001, 125(125):1258-1270
[12]Jesko, T.Removal of all nodal roots initiating the extension growth in Sorghum saccharatum（L.）MOENCH.Ⅱ[J].Effect on growth analysis data.Photosy 1972(6):282-290.[J].Effect on growth analysis data.Photosy, 1972, 6(6):282-290
[13]侯慧芝, 黄高宝, 郭清毅, 等.干旱灌区冬小麦根系的生长冗余[J].生态学杂志2007(26):1407－1411.[J].生态学杂志, 2007, 26(9):1407-1411
[14]张亚洁, 苏祖芳, 杨连新, 等.旱育中籼稻根系形态性状及其与产量构成因素关系的研究[J].扬州大学学报(农业与生命科学版) 2002 (23):59－62.[J].扬州大学学报, 2002, 23(1):59-62
[15]Bloom AJ, Sukrapanna SS, Warner RL.Root respiration associated with ammonium and nitrate absorption and assimilation by barley[J].Plant Physiol 1992(99):1294-1301.[J].Plant Physiol, 1992, 99(99):1294-1301
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