董庆坤, 刘慧丽, 陶利珍. 植物激素调控籽粒大小的研究进展[J]. 华南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 47(6): 72-78.
引用本文: 董庆坤, 刘慧丽, 陶利珍. 植物激素调控籽粒大小的研究进展[J]. 华南师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 47(6): 72-78.
Progress on the plant hormone regulation Related to rice Seed Development[J]. Journal of South China Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2015, 47(6): 72-78.
Citation: Progress on the plant hormone regulation Related to rice Seed Development[J]. Journal of South China Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2015, 47(6): 72-78.

植物激素调控籽粒大小的研究进展

Progress on the plant hormone regulation Related to rice Seed Development

  • 摘要: 植物的种子属于繁殖器官,是双受精之后形成的。种子的大小和品质是影响农作物产量的主要因素之一,研究控制种子籽粒大小发育的相关因素,对于提高农作物产量具有重要意义。高等植物的种子通常包含三个部分:胚胎、胚乳和种皮,这三个部分共同协调发育,最终决定种子的大小。近几年通过种子发育缺陷突变体或QTL等分子遗传学的研究方法,挖掘到许多控制种子发育的重要基因,这些基因广泛参与胚、胚乳、种皮等的发育过程,最终影响种子的大小和产量。通过对模式植物拟南芥和水稻等研究,发现调控种子发育的功能基因,它们许多是通过整合到植物激素的代谢或信号转导途径起作用,说明植物激素在调控籽粒发育中发挥重要作用,但有关这些基因作用的分子机理及其遗传调控网络有待深入阐明。本文主要以模式植物种子的发育研究为例,着重介绍植物激素调控种子籽粒大小调控的研究进展。

     

    Abstract: The seed is produced after double fertilization as a reproductive organ of higher plants. The size and quality of the seed serve as two main components that influence crop yield. In flowering plants, the seed comprises three major anatomical components, the embryo, the endosperm and the seed coat. Seed size is coordinately determined by the growth of the embryo, endosperm and maternal tissue. Exploring relevant factors that control seed development is crucial for improving crop yield. Recently, some mutants with seed developmental defects and QTL functions have been dissected by genetic and molecular biology methods. Related genes were found to regulate the development of embryo, endosperm and integument thus determining seed final size and yield. Most of these work were carried out in Arabidopsis and rice. Some reported work showed these genes function by integrating to the hormone metabolism or signaling pathway indicating plant hormone play key role during seed development, but the underlying molecular mechanism and gene regulatory network is still unknown. This article mainly focuses on the model plants of rice and Arabidopsis, reviewing recent progress in hormone-dependent regulation of seed development.

     

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