Abstract: based on the most short-circuit path model and selected the distance index, this paper analyses the spatial structure of provincial cities accessibility based on national trunk highway system and railway network. The spatial structure of provincial cities both accessibility manifests the obvious concentric layer structure with the most accessible city Zhengzhou which is near the geometry centre of mainland and with the less accessible cities which are main located in Northwest, Northeast and Hainan etc frontier area. Accessibility has direct impacts on urban location strengthen, so improving the accessibility of frontier provincial cities will benefit for reducing the regional development gap.