The Characteristics of Spatial Heterogeneity of Rural Tourism Destinations in Guangxi and Its Driving Mechanism
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摘要: 为进一步探索乡村旅游地空间分异规律，以广西壮族自治区(下文简称“广西”)378个乡村旅游地为研究样本，采用最邻近指数、核密度估计法、冷热点分析和地理探测器方法，系统研究乡村旅游地空间分异特征、影响因素及驱动机制。结果表明：(1)广西乡村旅游地类型、等级的区域分异特征明显。(2)广西乡村旅游地空间分布核密度差异较大，呈现多核心集聚分布格局，乡村旅游地发展冷热点区域分布失衡，表现为“两翼冷，中间热”特征。(3)广西乡村旅游地空间分异是多因素交互作用结果，旅游水平、资源禀赋作为核心拉力，宏观政策、经济水平作为核心推力，影响较大；自然环境作为次要拉力，市场潜力作为次要推力，交通可达性作为阻力因素，影响相对较小。Abstract: 378 rural tourism destinations in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region are chosen as research samples and the nearest neighbor index, the kernel density estimation method, the hot-cold analysis, the geographical detector and other research methods are used to systematically reveal the characteristics of spatial heterogeneity of rural tourism destinations and the related factors and driving mechanism. The following results are obtained. First, the regional heterogeneity characteristics of rural tourism destinations in Guangxi is obvious in their types and grades. Second, the kernel density of the spatial distribution of rural tourism destinations in Guangxi is much varied, pre-senting a distribution pattern of multi-core agglomeration, and the distribution of hot and cold hotspot areas in rural tourism destination is unba-lanced, showing the characteristics of "cold areas on both sides and hot areas in the middle". Third, spatial heterogeneity of rural tourism destinations in Guangxi is the result of multi-factor interaction. Tourism level and resource endowment as the core pulling force and macro policy and economic level as the core pushing force exert relatively great influence; natural environment as the secondary pulling force, market potential as the secondary pushing force, and traffic accessibility as the resisting force, and their impact is relevant small.
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Key words:
- rural tourism destination /
- spatial heterogeneity /
- geographical detector /
- driving mechanism /
- Guangxi
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图 1 广西不同类型乡村旅游地空间分布图
注：此图根据广西壮族自治区标准地图(审图号：桂S(2020)48号)绘制，底图无修改。
Figure 1. The distribution map of different types of rural tourism destinations in Guangxi
图 2 广西乡村旅游地核密度空间分布特征
Figure 2. The distribution characteristics of core density of rural tourism destinations in Guangxi
图 3 广西乡村旅游地冷热点空间分布图
Figure 3. The distribution map of hot and cold spots of rural tourism destinations in Guangxi
图 4 广西乡村旅游地空间分异驱动机制
Figure 4. The driving mechanism of the spatial heterogeneity of rural tourism destinations in Guangxi
表 1 广西各地级市乡村旅游地类型及等级统计情况
Table 1. The statistics of the types and grades of rural tourism destinations in Guangxi
个 地级市 田园风光类 民俗风情类 休闲度假类 现代农业类 合计 三星级 四星级 五星级 小计 三星级 四星级 五星级 小计 三星级 四星级 五星级 小计 三星级 四星级 五星级 小计 南宁 4 6 3 13 5 1 2 8 7 12 7 26 4 5 1 10 57 柳州 4 5 3 12 1 2 3 6 1 6 2 9 0 2 5 7 34 桂林 0 0 1 1 2 2 2 6 0 13 11 24 0 0 1 1 32 梧州 0 2 0 2 0 2 3 5 0 4 4 8 0 0 1 1 16 北海 0 0 2 2 3 1 0 4 0 7 2 9 0 0 0 0 15 防城港 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 4 3 7 0 0 0 0 9 钦州 1 6 2 9 0 0 2 2 0 7 2 9 0 3 3 7 26 贵港 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 5 0 0 0 0 7 玉林 0 5 2 7 0 4 1 5 0 8 2 10 0 5 3 8 30 百色 4 2 0 6 2 2 0 4 2 4 4 10 0 4 0 4 24 贺州 4 7 0 11 7 5 2 14 2 3 2 7 0 2 1 3 35 河池 1 5 1 7 3 3 0 6 12 14 6 32 0 0 0 0 45 来宾 1 1 1 3 3 2 0 5 1 7 0 8 0 4 0 4 20 崇左 2 5 1 8 0 0 0 0 1 16 1 18 0 2 0 2 28 合计 21 45 18 84 26 25 15 66 26 108 48 182 4 27 15 46 378 占比/% 5.56 11.90 4.76 22.22 6.88 6.61 3.97 17.46 6.88 28.57 12.70 48.15 1.06 7.14 3.97 12.17 100 
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表 2 广西乡村旅游地空间分异影响因素、指标及探测结果
Table 2. The influencing factors, indicatiors and detection results in the spatial heterogeneity of rural tourism destinations in Guangxi
维度 影响因素 评价指标 指标性质 q值 影响因素 评价指标 社会因素 交通条件 等级公路里程(X1/km) 正向 0.83 0.25 公共汽车运营数量(X2/辆) 正向 0.58 宏观政策 乡村旅游政策数量(X3/项) 正向 1.22 0.71 关键词词频(X4/个) 正向 0.51 经济因素 经济水平 地区生产总值(X5/万元) 正向 1.19 0.40 人均地区生产总值(X6/元) 正向 0.22 第三产业占比(X7/%) 正向 0.57 市场潜力 人均可支配收入(X8/元) 正向 0.88 0.36 人均收入增长率(X9/%) 正向 0.11 常住人口数量(X10/万人) 正向 0.41 旅游水平 3A级以上旅游景区数量(X11/个) 正向 2.12 0.34 旅游总人数(X12/万人) 正向 0.68 旅游总消费(X13/万元) 正向 0.54 星级饭店数量(X14/个) 正向 0.56 环境因素 资源禀赋 高级别旅游资源数量(X15/个) 正向 1.26 0.56 国家级传统村落数量(X16/个) 正向 0.21 非物质文化遗产数量(X17/个) 正向 0.49 自然环境 森林覆盖率(X18/%) 正向 0.67 0.18 污水处理率(X19/%) 正向 0.14 人均垃圾无害化处理量(X20/t) 负向 0.35 注：关键词词频为政府相关政策中提及的“旅游”与“乡村振兴”的词频总和。
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表 3 广西乡村旅游地空间分异双因子交互作用q值探测结果
Table 3. The interaction detection results of the spatial heterogeneity of rural tourism destinations in Guangxi
评价指标 X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9 X10 X11 X12 X13 X14 X15 X16 X17 X18 X19 X20 X1 0.25 X2 0.65 0.58 X3 0.83 0.84 0.71 X4 0.78 0.99 0.87 0.51 X5 0.64 0.87 0.84 0.88 0.40 X6 0.82 0.90 0.94 0.71 0.84 0.22 X7 0.90 0.85 0.87 0.87 0.63 0.94 0.57 X8 0.73 0.67 0.99 0.72 0.90 0.73 0.92 0.36 X9 0.76 0.66 0.92 0.91 0.55 0.90 0.64 0.65 0.11 X10 0.50 0.68 0.92 0.78 0.63 0.68 0.64 0.68 0.51 0.41 X11 0.53 0.67 0.95 0.94 0.64 0.57 0.77 0.76 0.58 0.51 0.34 X12 0.88 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.77 0.91 0.75 0.99 0.79 0.77 0.70 0.68 X13 0.62 0.76 0.87 0.89 0.92 0.91 0.88 0.76 0.70 0.66 0.66 0.86 0.54 X14 0.86 0.79 0.81 0.86 0.84 0.98 0.86 0.96 0.88 0.81 0.98 0.92 0.92 0.57 X15 0.81 0.76 0.84 0.93 0.77 0.72 0.78 0.85 0.83 0.82 0.82 0.85 0.89 0.71 0.56 X16 0.73 0.77 0.71 0.88 0.66 0.96 0.67 0.77 0.59 0.59 0.68 0.77 0.63 0.85 0.86 0.22 X17 0.60 0.91 0.94 0.94 0.88 0.92 0.85 0.91 0.90 0.90 0.98 0.92 0.96 0.99 0.87 0.96 0.49 X18 0.71 0.64 0.86 0.96 0.86 0.85 0.94 0.52 0.39 0.73 0.77 0.99 0.77 0.87 0.91 0.77 0.94 0.18 X19 0.71 0.90 0.90 0.72 0.53 0.63 0.78 0.66 0.40 0.73 0.57 0.71 0.90 0.91 0.82 0.78 0.92 0.45 0.14 X20 0.64 0.59 0.79 0.95 0.81 0.57 0.72 0.72 0.65 0.58 0.50 0.95 0.73 0.84 0.99 0.68 0.99 0.73 0.93 0.35 注：下划线数据为单因子作用；粗体数据为交互作用的双因子增强型；其余为交互作用的非线性增强型。
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