城市大气颗粒物中塑化剂污染水平的影响因素

杨微微; 许杉; 黄玉琪; 曾源; 陈社军

doi:10.6054/j.jscnun.2023020

城市大气颗粒物中塑化剂污染水平的影响因素

doi: 10.6054/j.jscnun.2023020

华南师范大学环境学院/广东省化学品污染与环境安全重点实验室/环境理论化学教育部重点实验室，广州 510006

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41771530

国家自然科学基金项目 42077365

广东省基础与应用基础研究基金联合基金项目 2021B1515020040

详细信息

通讯作者:
曾源，Email: yuan.zeng@m.scnu.edu.cn

中图分类号: X381
计量
- 文章访问数: 72
- HTML全文浏览量: 8
- PDF下载量: 13
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-11-16
- 网络出版日期: 2023-06-14
- 刊出日期: 2023-04-25

The Influencing Factors on the Pollution Levels of PM-bound Plasticizers in Megacity

Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety/MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment/School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China

摘要

摘要: 以广州市为研究区域，解析PM2.5中几种不同类型塑化剂之间的相关性，着重探讨气象条件和社会经济等因素对塑化剂浓度的影响。结果表明: 用途相似以及在工业品中共存是塑化剂在大气颗粒物中具有较好相关性的重要原因。气象条件对塑化剂浓度变化的影响主要取决于污染物的理化性质。太阳辐射增强和温度上升有利于大部分塑化剂从各类介质中挥发并在PM2.5中发生富集，空气湿度的增加则有利于促进高水溶性塑化剂的大气清除过程。风速对塑化剂具有稀释作用，能降低其污染程度，而降雨对于大部分塑化剂的大气清除作用有限。社会经济因素也可一定程度上影响广州各城区大气中塑化剂的浓度。颗粒物中主要的塑化剂与第二产业经济指标存在关联，表明工业活动可能是这些塑化剂污染物的重要来源。此外，第三产业对部分塑化剂污染物也具有潜在的影响和贡献。
- 大气细颗粒物 /
- PM2.5 /
- 塑化剂 /
- 邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs) /
- 气象条件
Abstract: The correlations among PM-bound plasticizers in Guangzhou were revealed. The influencing factors, including meteorological conditions and socioeconomic factors, were addressed to understand their influence on the plasticizer concentrations in the air. The correlations of plasticizers in PM2.5 largely depend on their similar applications and the coexistence in industrial products. The influence of meteorological factors is mostly dependent on the physicochemical properties of the plasticizers. The increasing solar radiation and temperature can promote the enrichment of plasticizers in PM2.5, while the relative humidity can increase the atmospheric scavenging for the chemicals with high water solubilty. Wind can significantly reduce the pollution of plasticizers in the air, but the rain has a limited effect on the scavenging of most PM-bound plasticizers. Socio-economic factors can also influence to some extent the concentration of plasticizers in the atmosphere in the urban areas of Guangzhou.The concentrations of primary plasticizers in PM2.5 depend on the gross domestic product of the secondary industry sector, suggesting the industrial actities may be the important source of these pollutants. In addition, the tertiary industry also showed potential influence on some of the plasticizers.
- atmospheric fine particulate matter /
- PM2.5 /
- plasticizer /
- phthalates (PAEs) /
- meteorological conditions

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图 1 塑化剂浓度的显著相关性统计结果

Figure 1. The statistical results of correlations of plasticizer concentrations

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图 2 降雨强度对PM2.5浓度的影响趋势

Figure 2. The trend variability in PM2.5-bound plasticizer concentrations with daily rainfall intensities

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图 3 7个主要行政区塑化剂浓度与经济指标之间的关联

Figure 3. The distributions of plasticizer concentrations and variations of the gross domestic product (GDP) values of the secondary and tertiary industry of the seven districts

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表 1 采样点的经纬度

Table 1. The longitude and latitude of the sampling site

采样点	经纬度	采样点	经纬度
D1	113.30°E, 23.14°N	D7	113.27°E, 23.20°N
D2	113.24°E, 23.11°N	PCP	113.49°E, 23.13°N
D3	113.27°E, 23.09°N	IND	113.44°E, 23.16°N
D4	113.37°E, 23.15°N	MSW	113.35°E, 23.27°N
D5	113.51°E, 23.16°N	WWT	113.23°E, 23.13°N
D6	113.38°E, 23.06°N	—	—

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表 2 目标化合物及氘代内标

Table 2. The target compounds and deuterium-labelled internal standards

化合物	CAS	缩写	亨利常数/(m³·mol^-1)	溶解度/(mg·L^-1)	饱和蒸气压/Pa	大气半衰期/d	持久时间/h
Phthalates
Dimethyl phthalate	131-11-3	DMP	2.24E-07	2 014	4.11E-01	18.642	573
Diethyl phthalate	84-66-2	DEP	3.94E-07	287.2	9.91E-02	3.086	571
Dibutyl phthalate	84-74-2	DBP	1.22E-06	2.351	2.68E-03	1.153	296
Diisobutyl phthalate	84-69-5	DIBP	1.22E-06	5.061	3.13E-01	1.155	503
Di-n-hexyl phthalate	84-75-3	DnHP	3.80E-06	1.15E-02	1.87E-03	0.716	297
Benzyl butyl phthalate	85-68-7	BBP	4.22E-08	0.948 9	1.10E-03	0.968	509
Bis (2-Ethylhexyl) phthalate	117-81-7	DEHP	1.18E-05	1.13E-03	1.89E-05	0.487	616
Di-n-octyl phthalate	117-84-0	DNOP	1.18E-05	4.24E-04	1.33E-05	0.520	543
Dinonyl phthalate	84-76-4	DNP	2.08E-05	1.74E-05	6.51E-04	0.457	479
Diundecyl phthalate	3648-20-2	DUP	6.46E-05	1.61E-07	3.55E-06	0.368	525
Phthalate substitutes
Bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate	103-23-1	DEHA	5.16E-05	1.08E-04	1.13E-04	0.422	297
Bis (2-ethylhexyl) sebacate	122-62-3	DEHS	1.60E-04	5.15E-06	2.63E-04	0.345	486
Dimethyl terephthalate	120-61-6	DMT	2.24E-07	561.1	18.7	18.642	340
Diethylterephthalate	636-09-9	DET	3.94E-07	184.3	2.33E-01	3.086	613
Dioctyl terephthalate	6422-86-2	DEHT	1.18E-05	2.39E-04	3.33E-04	0.487	499
2, 2, 4-Trimethyl-1, 3-pentanedioldiisobutyrate	6846-50-0	TXIB	9.42E-06	0.9422	1.17	0.933	1 010
Deuterium-labelled internal standards
Diethyl phthalate-d₄	93952-12-6	DEP-d₄	—	—	—	—	—
Di-n-butyl phthalate-d₄	93952-11-5	DBP-d₄	—	—	—	—	—
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-d₄	93951-87-2	DEHP-d₄	—	—	—	—	—
Di-n-octyl phthalate-d₄	93952-13-7	DNOP-d₄	—	—	—	—	—
Diisobutyl phthalate-d₄	358730-88-8	DIBP-d₄	—	—	—	—	—
Dicyclohexyl phthalate-d₄	358731-25-6	DCHP-d₄	—	—	—	—	—
注：化合物的理化性质采用US EPA EPI V4.1程序计算，数据均为25 ℃下的计算结果；持久时间为污染物在环境中的持久时间。

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表 3 气象条件与塑化剂浓度之间Spearman相关系数

Table 3. The spearman correlation coefficients between meteorological factors and plasticizer concentrations

塑化剂	SSR/(MJ·m^-2)	T/℃	RH/%	WS/(m·s^-1)
DMP	-0.093	-0.571^**	-0.395^**	0.160^*
DEP	0.047	-0.290^**	-0.190^**	0.107
DBP	0.172^*	0.210^**	-0.05	0.194^**
DIBP	0.119	-0.122	-0.285^**	0.296^**
DnHP	0.215^**	0.206^**	0.016	-0.215^**
BBP	-0.119	-0.206^**	-0.066	-0.073
DEHP	0.095	0.451^**	0.220^**	-0.340^**
DNP	0.054	0.146^*	0.084	-0.185^**
DUP	-0.094	-0.267^**	-0.124	-0.038
DNOP	0.089	0.378^**	0.161^*	-0.289^**
DEHA	0.274^**	0.425^**	0.109	-0.322^**
DEHS	0.280^**	0.630^**	0.255^**	-0.336^**
DMT	0.299^**	0.589^**	0.180^**	-0.226^**
DET	0.249^**	0.363^**	0.079	-0.038
DEHT	0.222^**	0.252^**	0.154^*	-0.337^**
TXIB	0.015	-0.353^**	-0.342^**	0.348^**

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