Abstract: Most LPN-based RFID protocols focus on authentication but rarely consider privacy. The existing protocols for RFID based on LPN problem and privacy preservation are systematically analyzed and their advantages and disadvantages are summarized. Using the large storage device database in the RFID system and the pseudorandom generator, an LPN-based RFID privacy authentication protocol with fast identification is designed to ensure that privacy is not leaked during the authentication of the protocol. The efficiency and safety of the designed protocol are compared with that of the Tree-LSHB+ protocol, BAJR protocol and that of the MMR protocol. The research indicates the protocol has fast identification, provable security and authentication and good scalability.