冥想加工性别差异的神经机制——来自ERP的证据

莫欣妍; 何胜昔; 王玉正; 罗非

doi:10.6054/j.jscnun.2021018

冥想加工性别差异的神经机制——来自ERP的证据

莫欣妍^{1, 2},
何胜昔³,
王玉正^{1, 2},
罗非^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国科学院心理健康重点实验室(中国科学院心理所)，北京 100101
2.
中国科学院大学心理学系，北京100049
3.
深圳市卫生健康发展研究中心，深圳518036

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 31970926

中国科学院心理研究所青年人才科研启动项目 Y9CX441005

详细信息

通讯作者:
罗非，Email：luof@psych.ac.cn

中图分类号: B845
计量
- 文章访问数: 434
- HTML全文浏览量: 170
- PDF下载量: 50
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-14
- 网络出版日期: 2021-03-23
- 刊出日期: 2021-02-24

The Neural Mechanism for Gender Difference in Meditation Processing: Evidence from ERP

MO Xinyan^{1, 2},
HE Shengxi³,
WANG Yuzheng^{1, 2},
LUO Fei^{1, 2, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2.
Department of Psychology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3.
Shenzhen Health Development Research Center, Shenzhen 518036, China

摘要

摘要: 采用事件相关电位(ERP)技术，记录52名大学生被试在听(正性和负性)冥想指导语的脑电波, 探索冥想加工过程的神经机制与性别差异. 以固定频率的声音作为线索诱发N2和P3成分，这2个成分作为探究刺激差异和注意力资源调配的标记分别在160 ms和240 ms的时间上观察到. 结果表明：在正性冥想条件下，在前额叶皮层(PFC)中观察到的N160波幅更大，而在负性冥想条件下，P240波幅减小；在负性冥想条件下，表现出明显的性别的差异，主要是情绪偏侧化加工更加明显，男性在N160左额叶波幅显著大于右额叶，女性在P240右额叶波幅显著大于左额叶. 结果为冥想的作用存在性别差异进一步提供神经生理方面的证据.
- 冥想 /
- 性别差异 /
- N2 /
- P3 /
- 事件相关电位
Abstract: The neurophysiological effects induced by emotional background during meditation and the associated gender differences were investigated. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded in 52 young adults listening to positive and negative meditative guidance programs. A fixed-frequency D-like sound was used as a cue to evoke ERPs. The main ERP components induced by a fixed-frequency sound were N2 and P3 components, observed temporally at N160 and P240, respectively. These two components serve as the markers for exploring stimulus differences and attention resource allocation, respectively. More negative N160 amplitude and reduced P240 amplitude were observed in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) under the positive meditation (PM) condition than under the negative meditation (NM) condition. Significant gender differences in ERP responses were also found, preferentially in the NM condition, with a more pronounced difference of frontal lateralization between the NM and PM conditions. The N160 amplitude of the left frontal lobe in men is significantly greater than that of the right frontal lobe; the P240 amplitude of the right frontal lobe in women is significantly larger than that of the left frontal lobe. These findings proved that positive guidance and negative guidance can affect the emotional regulation effects of meditation differently and there is also a gender difference in the neurophysiological effects of meditation.
- meditation /
- gender difference /
- N2 /
- P3 /
- event-related potentials

HTML全文

图 1 正/负性冥想条件下的ERP波形特征

Figure 1. The ERPs recorded during positive and regative meditation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 正/负性冥想过程中大脑的ERP波形地图

Figure 2. The topographic maps of brain activity in response to the meditation task

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 N160成分中男性在正性和负性冥想中前额叶左右电极点的波幅差异

Figure 3. The lateralization of the male frontal lobe of the N160 amplitude in positive and negative meditation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 P240成分中女性在正性和负性冥想中前额叶左右电极点的波幅差异

Figure 4. The lateralization of the female frontal lobe of the P240 amplitude in positive and negative meditation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 情绪语句主观评定结果

Table 1 The results of online questionnaire on emotional arousal self-assessment

负性语词	唤醒度	负性语词	唤醒度	正性语词	唤醒度	正性语词	唤醒度
孤独	3.96	悲伤	3.21	幸福	5.55	真诚	5.88
焦虑	3.96	苦闷	3.32	爱	5.36	自由	5.30
烦躁	3.84	遗弃	2.62	成功	4.21	如意	5.21
默默承受	4.54	失落	3.29	自信	4.86	拥有	5.20
倒霉	3.61	绝望	2.63	尊重	5.48	相信	5.45
软弱可欺	3.08	付出	4.19	独一无二	4.67	鼓励	5.36
伤心	3.51	无助	3.23	快乐	5.49	正义	5.73
抑郁	3.13	寂寞	3.45	希望	5.65	支持	5.49
愤怒	3.16	失败	3.16	丰盛	5.17	理解	5.59
颓废	3.75	冷漠	2.84	光明	5.37	优秀	5.10

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 52名被试实验后主观报告的情绪语句、出现频次及平均唤醒度评定结果

Table 2 The emotional statements reported by 52 subjects and their frequency and arousal degree

情绪词	频次	唤醒度	情绪词	频次	唤醒度	情绪词	频次	唤醒度	情绪词	频次	唤醒度
孤独	20	3.91	悲伤	1	2.85	幸福	2	5.24	真诚	1	5.62
焦虑	3	3.88	苦闷	1	2.97	爱	6	5.5	自由	2	5.29
烦躁	4	3.82	遗弃	1	1.94	成功	3	4.35	如意	2	5.21
默默承受	2	4.12	失落	1	2.94	自信	2	4.38	拥有	2	5.41
倒霉	2	2.82	付出	1	4.35	尊重	1	5.18	相信	3	5.35
软弱可欺	2	3.09	无助	1	3.35	独一无二	2	4.94	鼓励	2	5.68
伤心	3	3.44	寂寞	1	3.06	开心快乐	5	4.76	正义	1	5.41
抑郁	2	2.59				希望	3	5.06	支持	2	5.85
愤怒	1	2.29				丰盛	1	5.06	理解	1	5.68
颓废	1	2.59				光明	1	5.24	优秀	1	5.00
注：ERP实验后52名被试共报告50个消极情绪语句，49个积极情绪语句，剔除本文非网络问卷设定的情绪关键词，剩下47个消极语句和43个积极语句，按照被试所报告的语句中消极和积极词汇出现的频次整理得出17个消极词汇和20个积极词汇.

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 前半脑各成分的分布位置、平均潜伏期及平均波幅(x±SE)

Table 3 The location, mean latency and mean amplitude of frontal cerebral hemisphere components (Mean±SE)

成分	位置	负性冥想				正性冥想
		男性		女性		男性		女性
		潜伏期/ms	波幅/μV	潜伏期/ms	波幅/μV	潜伏期/ms	波幅/μV	潜伏期/ms	波幅/μV
N160	F3	161.78±21.76	-1.14±0.92	155.29±24.57	-0.24±1.36	153.50±22.93	-0.83±1.18	147.72±20.91	-1.30±1.39
	F4	159.06±22.56	-1.00±0.78	154.67±26.75	0.17±1.42	151.23±22.26	-0.71±1.07	149.22±22.37	-1.09±1.26
	F8	161.89±27.68	-0.67±1.29	155.79±27.15	0.15±1.84	158.27±29.67	-0.56±1.09	157.11±26.98	-1.11±1.48
	Fz	158.44±22.20	-1.11±0.67	157.29±24.75	0.19±1.45	150.59±23.26	-0.78±1.21	144.89±21.30	-1.59±2.03
	FC1	159.11±22.35	-0.87±0.83	154.38±24.64	-0.08±1.43	157.59±23.92	-0.97±1.19	145.61±21.14	-1.42±1.09
	FC2	158.00±23.35	-1.00±0.90	156.67±24.54	-0.02±1.30	154.14±23.33	-0.83±1.16	149.61±21.71	-1.37±1.07
	FC5	164.39±22.19	-0.99±0.94	156.96±28.32	-0.20±1.23	161.09±22.81	-0.60±1.37	147.56±22.17	-0.98±1.26
	FC6	161.83±25.58	-0.79±0.87	153.42±26.97	0.33±1.38	158.09±25.66	-0.67±1.10	157.94±26.05	-1.08±1.19
	FCz	158.44±23.15	-0.97±0.79	154.13±24.00	0.00±1.22	156.45±22.57	-0.89±1.19	145.44±21.13	-1.36±1.02
P240	F3	254.78±31.22	1.02±1.08	246.08±27.05	2.06±1.54	238.14±20.29	1.19±1.37	247.22±17.12	1.41±1.39
	F4	249.56±27.23	1.16±1.20	247.00±27.58	2.52±1.31	242.64±29.36	1.24±1.17	247.06±17.11	1.54±0.98
	F8	252.00±32.76	1.01±1.72	245.25±30.62	2.10±1.75	238.86±31.90	0.84±1.23	253.61±23.57	0.87±1.14
	Fz	248.72±26.79	1.29±0.86	246.08±27.11	2.40±1.31	236.36±22.08	1.41±1.22	251.17±19.64	1.39±1.54
	FC2	248.72±28.75	1.10±0.84	241.92±26.39	2.32±1.34	234.41±20.73	1.07±1.29	248.33±15.47	1.47±1.23
	FC6	253.33±30.28	0.87±1.32	252.04±31.34	2.20±1.40	246.05±28.31	0.86±1.12	252.50±21.11	1.06±1.38
	FCz	249.72±29.15	1.39±1.01	242.08±25.78	2.31±1.21	240.32±24.20	1.16±1.39	249.17±15.77	1.59±1.19

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(40)

[1]	任俊, 黄璐, 张振新. 基于心理学视域的冥想研究[J]. 心理科学进展, 2010, 18(5): 857-864. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXD201005018.htm REN J, HUANG L, ZHANG Z X. Meditation studies: the view from psychology[J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 2010, 18(5): 857-864. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXD201005018.htm
[2]	王昕嫱, 周仁来. 短期呼吸冥想训练改善抑郁程度有效性[J]. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 52(2): 240-245. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BSDZ201602022.htm WANG X Q, ZHOU R L. Effectiveness of short-term training of breathing meditation in depression improvement[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University (Natural Sciences), 2016, 52(2): 240-245. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BSDZ201602022.htm
[3]	王玉正, 罗非. 短期冥想训练研究进展、问题及展望[J]. 中国临床心理学杂志, 2017, 25(6): 1184-1190. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZLCY201706042.htm WANG Y Z, LUO F. Effectiveness of short-term meditation: progress, issues and prospects[J]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2017, 25(6): 1184-1190. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZLCY201706042.htm
[4]	LUTZ A, BREFCZYNSKI-LEWIS J, JOHNSTONE T, et al. Regulation of the neural circuitry of emotion by compassion meditation: effects of meditative expertise[J]. PLoS One, 2008, 3(3): e1897/1-10. http://intl-scan.oxfordjournals.org/external-ref?access_num=10.1371/journal.pone.0001897&link_type=DOI
[5]	LUTZ A, SLAGTER H A, DUNNE J D, et al. Attention regulation and monitoring in meditation[J]. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2008, 12(4): 163-169. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2008.01.005
[6]	LIPPELT D P, HOMMEL B, COLZATO L S. Focused attention, open monitoring and loving kindness meditation: effects on attention, conflict monitoring, and creativity- A review[J]. Frontiers in Psychology, 2014, 5: 1083/1-5. http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4171985/
[7]	SOOD A, JONES D. On mind wandering, attention, brain networks, and meditation[J]. The Journal of Science and Healing, 2003, 9(3): 136-141. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550830713000487
[8]	FARB N A, ANDERSON A K, MAYBERG H, et al. Minding one's emotions: mindfulness training alters the neural expression of sadness[J]. Emotion, 2010, 10: 25-33. doi: 10.1037/a0017151
[9]	GOLDIN P R, GROSS J J. Effects of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR)on emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder[J]. Emotion, 2010, 10: 83-91. doi: 10.1037/a0018441
[10]	KABAT-ZINN J. Full catastrophe living: using the wisdom of your body and mind to face stress, pain and illness[M]. New York: Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing, 1990.
[11]	KABAT-ZINN J. Mindfulness-based interventions in context: past, present, and future[J]. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 2003, 10: 144-156. doi: 10.1093/clipsy.bpg016
[12]	BISHOP S R, LAU M A, SHAPIRO S L, et al. Mindfulness: a proposed operational definition[J]. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 2004, 11: 230-242. doi: 10.1093/clipsy.bph077
[13]	MALINOWSKI P. Mindfulness as psychological dimension: concepts and applications[J]. The Irish Journal of Psychology, 2008, 29: 155-166. doi: 10.1080/03033910.2008.10446281
[14]	DIMBERG U, LUNDQUIST L O. Gender differences in facial reactions to facial expressions[J]. Biological Psychology, 1990, 30: 151-159. doi: 10.1016/0301-0511(90)90024-Q
[15]	KRING A M, GORDON A H. Sex differences in emotion: expression, experience, and physiology[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1998, 74: 686-703. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.3.686
[16]	BRADLEY M M, CODISPOTI M, SABATINELLI D, et al. Emotion and motivation Ⅱ: sex differences in picture processing[J]. Emotion, 2001, 1(3): 300-319. doi: 10.1037/1528-3542.1.3.300
[17]	GASBARRI A, ARNONE B, POMPILI A, et al. Sex-related hemispheric lateralization of electrical potentials evoked by arousing negative stimuli[J]. Brain Research, 2007, 1138: 178-186. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.12.073
[18]	LANG P J, BRADLEY M M, FITZSIMMONS J R, et al. Emotional arousal and activation of the visual cortex: an fMRI analysis[J]. Psychophysiology, 1998, 35: 199-210. doi: 10.1111/1469-8986.3520199
[19]	吴宇平, 何胜昔, 林瑾, 等. 父母常用管教语对儿童内隐社会认知的影响-基于情境投射的事件相关电位研究[J]. 中国医学物理学杂志, 2017, 34(2): 211-216. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-202X.2017.02.019 WU Y P, HE S X, LIN J, et al. Effect of parents' commonly used discipline language on the implicit social cognition of children-based on event-related potential of situation projection[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Physics, 2017, 34(2): 211-216. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-202X.2017.02.019
[20]	VAGO D R, SILBERSWEIG D A. Self-awareness, self-regulation, and self-transcendence (S-ART): a framework of understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of mindfulness[J]. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2012, 6: 296/1-30. http://psycnet.apa.org/record/2012-33136-001
[21]	林瑾, 何胜昔, 尹文刚. 情绪对两可图认知加工影响的ERP研究[J]. 中国医学物理学杂志, 2016, 33(8): 855-860. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-202X.2016.08.020 LIN J, HE S X, YIN W G. Event-related potential study of emotion on cognitive processing of ambiguous figure[J]. Chinese Journal of Medical Physics, 2016, 33(8): 855-860. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-202X.2016.08.020
[22]	GAMBLE M L, LUCK S J. N2ac: an ERP component associated with the focusing of attention within an auditory scene[J]. Psychophysiology, 2011, 48(8): 1057-1068. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2010.01172.x
[23]	BUZZELL G A, FEDOTA J R, ROBERTS D M, et al. The N2 component as an index of impaired cognitive in smokers[J]. Neuroscience Letters, 2014, 563: 61-65. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.01.030
[24]	黄宇霞, 罗跃嘉. 负性情绪刺激是否总是优先得到加工: ERP研究[J]. 心理学报, 2009, 41(9): 822-831. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXB200909006.htm HUANG Y X, LUO Y J. Can negative stimuli always have the processing superiority?[J]. Acta Psychological Sinica, 2009, 41(9): 822-831. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXB200909006.htm
[25]	黄宇霞, 罗跃嘉. 情绪的ERP相关成分与心境障碍的ERP变化[J]. 心理科学进展, 2004, 12(1): 10-17. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXD200401001.htm HUANG Y X, LUO Y J. Emotion-related ERP components and their variety in mood disorder[J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 2004, 12(1): 10-17. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXD200401001.htm
[26]	袁加锦, 汪宇, 鞠恩霞, 等. 情绪加工的性别差异及神经机制[J]. 心理科学进展, 2010, 18(12): 1899-1908. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXD201012009.htm YUAN J J, WANG Y, JU E X, et al., Gender differences in emotional processing and its neural mechanisms[J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 2010, 18(12): 1899-1908. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXD201012009.htm
[27]	LEE, T M C, LIU H L, CHAN C C H, et al. Neural activities associated with emotion recognition observed in men and females[J]. Molecular Psychiatry, 2005, 10: 450-455. doi: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001595
[28]	FAN Y, TANG Y Y, TANG R X, et al. Time course of conflict processing modulated by brief meditation training[J]. Frontiers in Psychology, 2015, 6: 911. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00911
[29]	LUTZ J, HERWIG U, OPIALLA S, et al. Mindfulness and emotion regulation: an fMRI study[J]. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2014, 9(6): 776-785. doi: 10.1093/scan/nst043
[30]	KOZASA E H, SATO J R, LACERDA S S, et al. Meditation training increases brain efficiency in an attention task[J]. Neuroimage, 2012, 59: 745-749. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.06.088
[31]	刘雷, 杨萌, 韩卓, 等. 额叶EEG偏侧化预测情绪灵活性[J]. 中国科学(生命科学), 2014, 44(6): 614-622. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JCXK201406010.htm LIU L, YANG M, HAN Z, et al. Frontal EEG lateralization predicts individuals' emotional flexibility[J]. Scientia Sinica Vitae, 2014, 44(6): 614-622. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JCXK201406010.htm
[32]	TOMARKEN A, DAVIDSON R, WHEELER R, et al. Individual differences in anterior brain asymmetry and fundamental dimensions of emotion[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1992, 62: 676-687. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.62.4.676
[33]	NADLER R T, RABI R, MINDA J P. Better mood and better performance: learning rule-described categories is enhanced by positive mood[J]. Psychological Science, 2010, 21(12): 1770-1776. doi: 10.1177/0956797610387441
[34]	HYNES C A, BAIRD A A, GRAFTON S T. Differential role of the orbital frontal lobe in emotional versus cognitive perspective-taking[J]. Neuropsychologia, 2006, 44: 374-383. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.06.011
[35]	MAK A K Y, HU Z G, ZHANG J X X, et al. Sex-related differences in neural activity during emotion regulation[J]. Neuropsychologia, 2009, 47: 2900-2908. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.06.017
[36]	张晶, 周仁来. 额叶EEG偏侧化: 情绪调节能力的指标[J]. 心理科学进展, 2010, 18(11): 1679-1683. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXD201011002.htm ZHANG J, ZHOU R L. Frontal EEG laterality: an index of the capability of emotion regulation[J]. Advances in Psychological Science, 2010, 18(11): 1679-1683. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XLXD201011002.htm
[37]	CRESSWELL J D, WAY B M, EISENBERGER N I, et al. Neural correlates of dispositional mindfulness during affect labeling[J]. Psychosomatic Medicine, 2007, 69: 560-565. doi: 10.1097/PSY.0b013e3180f6171f
[38]	ROJIANI R, SANTOYO J F, RAHRIG H, et al. Women benefit more than men in response to college-based meditation training[J]. Frontiers in Psychology, 2017, 8: 1-11. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/28473783
[39]	KATZ D, TONER B. A systematic review of gender differences in the effectiveness of mindfulness-based treatments for substance use disorders[J]. Mindfulness, 2013, 4: 318-331. doi: 10.1007/s12671-012-0132-3
[40]	CHEN K W, COMERFORD A, SHINNICK P, et al. Introducing qigong meditation into residential addiction treatment: a pilot study where gender makes a difference[J]. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 2010, 16(8): 875-882. doi: 10.1089/acm.2009.0443