Abstract: To explore the effects of peanut gene AhBG1 on ABA sensitivity and drought resistance of Arabidopsis thaliana, the ABA sensitivity, ABA content, water loss rate, survival rate and expression levels of genes related to ABA homeostasis of AhBG1 transgenic Arabidopsis were detected under drought stress. The results showed that AhBG1 is a member of peanut β-glucosidase family, which is located in the cytoplasm. Compared with the wild type, the AhBG1 overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana increased ABA level and drought survival rate under drought stress, enhanced expression of genes related to biosynthetic pathway and signal transduction pathway, and inhibited the expression of genes related to oxidative metabolic pathway. AhBG1 may catalyze ABA-GE to form ABA and thus increase ABA content in plants and influence the expression of ABA homeostasis-related genes to improve drought tolerance of plants.