1996—2015年粤港澳大湾区生态系统服务对景观格局变化的响应

The Response of Ecosystem Services to Landscape Pattern Changes in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area from 1996 to 2015

  • 摘要: 以粤港澳大湾区(简称“湾区”)为研究区,利用1996—2015年土地覆被数据和数字高程数据,采用生态系统服务价值当量估算法、景观指数分析、空间自相关分析等方法,分析1996—2015年湾区景观格局的时空演变规律,定量评估湾区的生态系统服务价值,探讨湾区的生态系统服务价值对土地利用景观格局变化的响应.结果表明:(1)湾区景观以耕地、林地为主,20年间湿地、建设用地面积大幅度增加,增长幅度分别为29.88%、150.06%;(2)湾区的生态系统服务价值(Ecological Service Values, ESV)在1996—2015年间呈持续增长趋势,在2005—2010年间增长速率较高,20年间共增长123.13亿元; (3)湾区的ESV变化冷热点分布区的土地利用转移规律性较强,冷点分布区的土地利用变化多为草地转建设用地或湿地增加,而热点分布区的土地利用变化多为草地转为湿地或水域,且二者空间分布相关性高; (4)湾区的ESV与AREA_MN、DIVISION的敏感性程度较高,说明景观类型越丰富、分割程度越低,越有利于提升景观整体的生态系统服务价值; (5)湾区的ESV强度与土地利用程度综合指数不存在显著的空间相关关系,自2005年开始,湾区的生态环境逐步改善,城市绿色发展进程加快.

     

    Abstract: The law governing the temporal and spatial evolution of landscape pattern in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (referred to as the Bay Area) from 1996 to 2015 is analyzed, the value of ecosystem ser-vice in the bay area is evaluated quantitatively, and the response of ecosystem service value to landscape pattern change is discussed, based on the digital elevation data and land cover data and using the methods of ecosystem service value equivalent estimation, landscape pattern index analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis. The fo-llowing results are obtained. First, the landscape of the Bay Area is dominated by arable land and forest land. Du-ring the 20 years, wetland and urban land increased significantly, with growth rates of 29.88% and 150.06%, respectively. Second, the ecological service value (ESV) of the Bay Area showed a continuous growth from 1996 to 2015, with a high growth rate from 2005 to 2010 and with a total growth of 123.13 billion yuan in the 20 years. Third, distribution of the cold and hot spots of the Bay Area ESV change shows strong regularity of land use transfer. The change of land use in cold spot area is mostly from grassland to construction land or increased wetland, while land use change in hot spot area is mostly from grassland to wetland or water area, and the spatial distribution correlation between them is high. Fourth, the Bay Area ESV is more sensitive to AREA_MN and DIVISION, indicating that the more abundant the landscape type is, the lower the degree of segmentation is and the more beneficial it is to enhance the overall ecosystem service value. Finally, there is no significant spatial correlation between the ESV intensity and the ccomprehensive index of land use degree in the Bay Area. Since 2005, the environment in the Bay Area has gradually improved, accelerating the urban green development process.

     

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