董事会成员背景多元化对企业创新产出的影响——基于内部控制有效性调节效应的分析

朱渝梅; 李日华; 刘伟

doi:10.6054/j.jscnun.2020070

董事会成员背景多元化对企业创新产出的影响——基于内部控制有效性调节效应的分析

1.
广州珠江实业集团有限公司，广州 510095
2.
华南师范大学经济与管理学院，广州 510631

基金项目:

广东省科技计划项目 2013B040400012

详细信息

通讯作者:
刘伟，研究员，Email：18665024106@163.com

中图分类号: F230
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-02-19
- 网络出版日期: 2020-10-11
- 刊出日期: 2020-08-24

Research on the Influence of Diversified Backgrounds of Board Members on the Innovation Output of Enterprises: An Analysis Based on the Effectiveness of Internal Control

1.
Guangzhou Pearl River Enterprises Group, Guangzhou 510095
2.
School of Economics & Management, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631

摘要

摘要: 运用理论分析和实证检验相结合的方法，探讨了董事会成员背景多元化与企业创新产出的关系，以及内部控制有效性对二者关系的调节效应.首先，以高阶梯队理论、资源依赖理论和社会认知理论等作为理论基础，分析提出2个研究假设；然后，选取我国2012—2018年A股上市公司的数据为样本，通过建立2个多元线性回归数学模型，运用Pearson变量相关性分析技术和方差膨胀因子检验以及OLS、FE等方法分析后发现：(1)董事会背景多元化在1%的显著性水平上对企业创新具有正向的促进作用；(2)内部控制有效性在1%的显著性水平上对董事会背景多元化与企业创新产出的关系具有正向调节作用，即随着内部控制有效性的提升，董事会背景多元化对企业创新产出的正向影响逐渐增强; (3)在国有控股企业、总经理与董事长两职分离的企业和市场化程度较高地区的企业中，内部控制有效性对董事会背景多元化促进企业创新的正向调节作用更为明显.
- 董事会成员多元化 /
- 内部控制 /
- 企业创新 /
- 市场化程度
Abstract: This paper combines theoretical analysis with empirical test to explore the relationship between the diversity of board members' backgrounds and the innovation output of enterprises and the moderating effect of the effectiveness of internal control on their relationship. First, on the basis of the upper echelon theory, the resource dependence theory and the social cognition theory, two research hypotheses are put forward. Then the data of China's A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2018 are selected as the sample and two multiple linear regression models are established. The following conclusions are drawn with the method of Pearson, VIF, OLS and FE. First, there is a positive correlation between the background diversity of the board of directors and the output of corporate innovation, with a significant level of 1%. Second, on the significance level of 1%, the effectiveness of internal control has a positive regulating effect on the relationship between the diversity of the background of the board of directors and the innovation output of the enterprise. In other words, with the improvement of the effectiveness of internal control, the positive influence of the diversity of the background of the board of directors on the innovation output of the enterprise gradually increases. Third, in the state-held enterprises, the enterprises where the general manager and the chairman are separated and the enterprises in the areas with a high degree of marketization, the effectiveness of internal control has a stronger positive regulatory effect on the background diversity of the board of directors promoting corporate innovation.
- background diversity of the board of directors /
- internal control /
- corporate innovation /
- degree of marketization

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表 1 变量定义表

Table 1 The table of variable definition

变量性质	变量名称	变量表示	变量定义
被解释变量	企业创新	Patent	企业年内申请专利的总数，包括发明专利、实用新型专利和外观设计专利的申请总数
解释变量	董事会背景多元化	H	用赫芬达尔指数表示，H =1-∑P_i²，P_i表示第i种背景的人数占董事会总人数的比例.曾在海外任职为第1种; 曾在海外求学为第2种；国内学习或国内任职为第3种；曾在海外任职和海外求学为第4种
调节变量	内部控制	ICindex	采用迪博企业风险管理技术有限公司公布的中国上市公司内部控制指数，并除以100予以标准化
控制变量	公司规模	Lasset	年末公司资产总额的自然对数
	董事会规模	Boardsize	公司董事会的总人数
	营业收入增长率	Growth	(本年营业收入-上年营业收入)/上年营业收入×100%
	两职合一	Dual	总经理兼任董事长的取值为1，否则为0
	独立董事比例	Ratio	独立董事人数/董事会总人数
	高管持股比例	Share	年末高管持股数/年末股本总数
	资产负债率	Lev	年末负债总额/年末资产总额
	总资产收益率	Roa	年末净利润/年末资产总额
	企业性质	State	国有控股企业的取值为1，非国有控股企业的取值为0
	市场化进程	Market	根据王小鲁等^[16]编制的全国各省、自治区和直辖市的市场化指数，对企业所属区域的市场化指数进行排列，高于平均值的取值为Market=1，否则取值为Market=0
	年度	Year	年度虚拟变量
	行业	Industry	行业虚拟变量

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表 2 全体样本主要变量描述性统计

Table 2 The descriptive statistics of the main variables of the total sample

变量	平均值	标准差	最小值	最大值
Patent	71.97	161.34	0	1 176
H	0.16	0.17	0	0.73
ICindex	6.48	1.19	0	9.86
Lasset	22.13	1.22	20.08	26.07
Boardsize	8.63	1.70	0	18
Growth	0.19	0.40	-0.42	2.50
Dual	0.28	0.45	0	1
Ratio	0.37	0.05	0.33	0.57
Share	0.08	0.15	0	0.63
Lev	0.41	0.20	0.05	0.85
Roa	0.04	0.05	-0.11	0.18
State	0.35	0.48	0	1
Market	0.86	0.35	0	1

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表 3 Pearson相关分析系数表

Table 3 The table of Pearson correlation analysis coefficient

	Patent	H	ICindex	Lasset	Boardsize	Growth	Dual	Ratio	Share	Lev	Roa	State	Market
Patent	1
H	0.12^***	1
Icindex	0.11^***	0.04^***	1
Lasset	0.49^***	0.08^***	0.11^***	1
Boardsize	0.10^***	-0.01	0.02^*	0.30^***	1
Growth	-0.02	0.01	0.02^**	0.02^**	-0.01	1
Dual	-0.05^***	0.06^***	0.01	-0.19^***	-0.20^***	0.03	1
Ratio	0.08^***	0.04^***	0.04^***	0.10	-0.46^***	-0.01	0.12^***	1
Share	-0.07^***	0.08^***	0.04^***	-0.28^***	-0.18^***	0.01	0.46^***	0.12^***	1
Lev	0.22^***	-0.06^***	-0.09^***	0.54^***	0.19^***	0.02	-0.15^***	-0.02^**	-0.25^***	1
Roa	0.03^***	0.06^***	0.32^***	-0.02^*	-0.04	0.02	0.05^***	-0.02^*	0.14^***	-0.35^***	1
State	0.16^***	-0.11^***	-0.02^**	0.40^***	0.30^***	0.01	-0.30^***	-0.05^***	-0.36^***	0.36^***	-0.13^***	1
Market	0.06^***	0.12^***	0.09^***	0.09^***	-0.07^***	-0.03^***	0.09^***	0.01	0.11^***	-0.11^***	0.09^***	-0.19^***	1
注：*p < 0.01, p < 0.05, *p < 0.10.

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表 4 方差膨胀因子检验

Table 4 The table of variance expansion factor test

变量	VIF	1/VIF
H	1.06	0.95
Icindex	1.15	0.87
Lasset	1.83	0.55
Boardsize	1.52	0.66
Growth	1.00	1.00
Dual	1.32	0.76
Ratio	1.34	0.75
Share	1.42	0.70
Lev	1.75	0.57
Roa	1.32	0.76
State	1.49	0.67
Market	1.06	0.94
Mean VIF	1.33

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表 5 董事会背景多元化、内部控制与企业创新的全体样本回归结果

Table 5 The full sample regression results of background diversity of the board, internal control and corporate innovation

变量	模型(1)		模型(2)
变量	OLS	FE	OLS	FE
H	62.64^***	64.83^***	-92.83^**	-97.68^**
	(8.60)	(8.74)	(0.10)	(46.95)
Icindex	—	—	1.98	2.07
			(1.65)	(1.68)
H*Icindex	—	—	23.95^***	25.02^***
			(6.95)	(7.08)
Lasset	70.29^***	66.20^***	69.17^***	65.09^***
	(1.62)	(1.61)	(1.64)	(1.63)
Boardsize	0.31	-0.95	0.30	-0.97
	(1.03)	(1.05)	(1.03)	(1.05)
Growth	-3.44	-6.16^*	-4.31	-7.08^*
	(3.66)	(3.72)	(3.66)	(3.72)
Dual	1.369	2.89	1.33	2.82
	(3.67)	(3.75)	(3.67)	(3.74)
Ratio	163.12^***	161.41^***	156.26^***	154.23^***
	(30.64)	(31.25)	(30.63)	(35.08)
Share	49.13^***	45.45^***	48.03^***	44.48^***
	(11.64)	(11.86)	(11.62)	(11.84)
Lev	-18.57^*	-19.66^**	-17.11^*	-18.30^*
	(9.98)	(9.92)	(9.99)	(9.92)
Roa	88.63^**	97.25^***	41.57	47.86
	(35.05)	(35.71)	(36.37)	(37.08)
State	11.57^***	5.18	11.16^***	4.81
	(3.62)	(3.66)	(3.62)	(3.66)
Market	47.13^***	43.94^***	45.78^***	42.59^***
	(4.24)	(4.24)	(4.24)	(4.27)
Industry & Year	控制	控制	控制	控制
常数项	-1 625.54^*** (36.50)	-1 494.85^*** (34.15)	-1 610.42^*** (37.29)	-1 477.99^*** (35.07)
样本观测数	9 628	9 628	9 628	9 628
调整R²	0.276 3	0.300 0	0.303 8	0.304 2
注：括号内数字为标准误；*p < 0.01, p < 0.05, *p < 0.10；表 6和表 7同.

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表 6 稳健性检验的回归结果

Table 6 The regression results of the robustness test

变量	模型(1)			模型(2)
变量	RD	RD1	Patent	RD	RD1	Patent
H	17.07^***	108.67^***	60.80^***	91.09^***	-255.33^*	-111.02^**
	(6.48)	(28.52)	(10.19)	(-2.99)	(152.63)	(55.89)
Icindex	—	—	—	8.51^***	0.32	3.79^**
				(3.25)	(5.46)	(1.92)
H*Icindex	—	—	—	58.97^***	56.02^**	26.63^***
				(13.74)	(23.03)	(8.51)
Lasset	190.51^***	130.26^***	76.51^***	187.08^***	128.41^***	75.20^***
	(3.22)	(5.38)	(1.89)	(3.24)	(5.44)	(1.89)
Boardsize	4.69^**	9.85^***	-0.88	4.67^**	9.82^***	-0.90
	(2.04)	(3.42)	(1.21)	(2.04)	(3.42)	(1.21)
Growth	-28.92^***	-11.22	-0.16	-31.67^***	-12.47	-0.14
	(7.26)	(12.13)	(0.21)	(7.25)	(12.15)	(0.21)
Dual	-1.19	32.50^***	3.97	-1.32	32.42^***	3.67
	(7.28)	(12.17)	(4.27)	(7.26)	(12.16)	(4.27)
Ratio	509.39^***	339.20^***	174.73^***	489.02^***	327.19^***	169.48^***
	(60.77)	(101.54)	(34.27)	(60.63)	(101.59)	(34.21)
Share	79.14^***	25.34	34.45^***	76.05^***	23.24	34.54^***
	(23.09)	(38.58)	(11.66)	(23.02)	(38.57)	(11.64)
Lev	-116.85^***	-77.09^**	-25.34^**	-111.63^***	-75.56^**	-21.78^**
	(19.81)	(33.10)	(11.43)	(19.78)	(33.15)	(11.44)
Roa	99.77	36.02	102.94^***	-43.86	-41.24	71.12^**
	(69.51)	(116.14)	(34.05)	(72.00)	(120.64)	(34.40)
State	20.52^***	-11.94	8.34^**	19.50^***	-12.89	8.07^*
	(7.18)	(12.00)	(4.26)	(7.16)	(12.01)	(4.26)
Market	77.39^***	83.52^***	49.74^***	73.27^***	81.30^***	47.61^***
	(8.40)	(14.04)	(5.04)	(8.39)	(14.06)	(5.05)
Industry & Year	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制
常数项	-4 391.60^***	-3 089.78^***	-1 748.75^***	-4 361.41^***	-3 046.13^***	-1 741.43^***
	(72.39)	(120.96)	(42.38)	(73.83)	(123.70)	(43.34)
样本观测数	9 628	9 628	7 402	9 628	9 628	7 402
调整R²	0.269 1	0.301 4	0.298 8	0.272 0	0.303 5	0.302 2

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表 7 分组检验的回归结果

Table 7 The results of group regression

变量	控股企业		两职情况		市场化程度
变量	国有	非国有	分离	合一	较高	较低
H	-209.03^**	-16.15	-100.98^*	-71.66	-78.69	-135.10^*
	(91.70)	(48.04)	(54.67)	(85.10)	(52.07)	(79.05)
Icindex	1.10	0.06	3.05	-2.98	2.74	0.49
	(2.85)	(1.94)	(1.92)	(3.29)	(1.96)	(2.29)
H*Icindex	42.84^***	10.32	25.12^***	20.44	21.99^***	20.84^*
	(13.64)	(7.29)	(8.25)	(12.85)	(7.83)	(12.31)
Lasset	86.62^***	49.17^***	69.94^***	67.322^***	74.08^***	38.88^***
	(3.14)	(1.80)	(1.96)	(3.04)	(1.85)	(2.87)
Boardsize	-2.16	2.35^**	0.24	1.25	1.92^*	-4.78^***
	(1.84)	(1.18)	(1.21)	(2.01)	(1.16)	(1.79)
Growth	-1.94	-4.950	-2.09	-12.724^**	-7.462^*	11.30^**
	(8.71)	(3.34)	(4.48)	(6.21)	(4.23)	(5.51)
Dual	-19.43^*	6.28^**	—	—	3.49	-27.29^***
	(10.80)	(3.11)			(3.99)	(7.83)
Ratio	143.56^**	121.32^***	151.29^***	171.06^***	188.05^***	-43.11
	(62.97)	(31.76)	(37.85)	(51.95)	(34.48)	(52.10)
Share	-32.43	33.71^***	51.98^**	41.60^***	54.22^***	41.52
	(173.68)	(9.16)	(22.27)	(12.79)	(12.48)	(29.73)
Lev	-64.12^***	37.59^***	-22.10^*	3.38	-9.90	-37.11^**
	(21.72)	(9.71)	(12.26)	(16.93)	(11.15)	(18.33)
Roa	3.65	115.47^***	32.67	89.94	49.75	-87.89
	(83.02)	(34.01)	(45.03)	(59.61)	(40.67)	(64.49)
State	—	—	15.55^***	-14.75^*	12.59^***	-8.12
			(4.16)	(8.57)	(4.07)	(6.31)
Market	65.58^***	18.37^***	46.45^***	45.37^***	—	—
	(7.71)	(4.70)	(4.94)	(8.45)
Industry & Year	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制	控制
常数项	-1 941.34	-1 162.91^***	-1 631.58^***	-1 549.38^***	-1 733.59^***	-760.07^***
	(69.33)	(43.08)	(44.09)	(71.01)	(43.41)	(60.85)
样本观测数	3 367	6 261	6 950	2 678	8 298	1 330
调整R²	0.373 3	0.202 9	0.286 5	0.246 7	0.303 7	0.191 2

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