Preparation of Carbon, Nitrogen-Codoped Nanowire with High Reactivity and Its Application
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摘要: 一维纳米线（尤其是非金属掺杂的一维纳米线）具有电荷移动速度快和载流子复合率低的特点，其温和条件下的制备备受关注。本文中碳氮共掺杂TiO2纳米线以硫酸钛为钛源、异丙醇为保护剂的水热法制备而成，并进行了XRD, SEM, HRTEM, SAED, XPS, BET和UV-Vis等表征。实验结果表明：经500 oC 煅烧得到的碳氮共掺杂TiO2纳米线含有TiO2 (B)和锐钛矿相，并在600 oC时完全转变为锐钛矿相；在可见光激发下，相比于碳氮共掺杂纳米颗粒和碳掺杂纳米线，制备的碳氮共掺杂纳米线对阿特拉津的降解效果更好。这是因为： i) 碳和氮的引入有缩短催化剂价带、有效分离光生电子空穴和增加光生电子等作用；(ii) 600 oC以上煅烧能延长锐钛矿到金红石的转化温度，避免产生催化活性低的金红石相。
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关键词:
- 水热法
Abstract: One-dimensional(1D) nanowire material (especially nonmetal doped 1D nanowires) synthesized by a facile way is of great significance and greatly desired as it has higher charge carrier mobility and lower carrier recombination rate. C, N-codoped TiO2 nanowires were synthesized using titanium sulfate as a precursor and isopropanol as a protective capping agent by a hydrothermal route. The obtained doped nanowires were characterized by XRD, SEM, HRTEM, SAED, XPS, BET and UV-vis absorption spectrum. The as-synthesized C, N-codoped TiO2 nanowires calcined at 500 oC have TiO2 (B) and anatase phase and then are completely transformed to anatase phase at the calcination of 600 oC. Photocatalytic activity measurement shows that the C, N-codoped TiO2 nanowires calcined at 600 oC reveals the best photocatalytic performance for the degradation of atrazine under visible light irradiation compared to C, N-codoped TiO2 nanoparticles and C-doped TiO2 nanowires, which was attributed to i) the synergistic effect of C and N doping in narrowing the band gap, separating electron-hole pairs and increasing the photoinduced electrons, and (ii) extending the anatase-to-rutile transformation temperature above 600 oC.-
Keywords:
- hydrotherm method
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[2] Christian Lettmann, Knut Hildenbrand, Horst Kisch, W. Macyk, Wilhelm F. Maier. Visible light photodegradation of 4-chlorophenol with a coke-containing titanium dioxide photocatalyst[J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2001, 32, 215-227.
[3] Diwald Oliver, Thompson Tracy L, Zubkov Tykhon, WalckScott D, Yates John T. Photochemical activity of nitrogen-doped rutile TiO2 (110) in visible light [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2004, 108, 6004-6008.
[4] Yu Jimmy C, Ho Wingkei, Yu Jiaguo, Yip Hoyin, Wong Po Keung, Zhao Jincai. Efficient visible-light-induced photocatalytic disinfection on sulfur-doped nanocrystalline titania[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2005, 39, 1175-1179.
[5] Yu Jimmy C, Zhang Lizhi, Zheng Zhi, Zhao Jincai. Synthesis and characterization of phosphated mesoporous titanium dioxide with high photocatalytic activity [J]. Chemistry of Materials. 2003, 15, 2280-2286.
[6] Hong Xiaoting, Wang Zhengpeng, Cai Weimin, Lu Feng, Zhang Jun, Yang Yanzhu. Visible-light-activated nanoparticle photocatalyst of iodine-doped titanium dioxide [J]. Chemistry of Materials. 2005, 17, 1548-1552.
[7] Li Di, Haneda Hajime, Hishita Shunichi, Ohashi Naoki. Visible-light-driven N-F-Codoped TiO2 photocatalysts. 2. optical characterization, photocatalysis, and potential application to air purification [J]. Chemistry of Materials, 2005, 17, 2596-2602.
[8] Daimei Chen, Zhongyi Jiang, Jiaqing Geng, Qun Wang, Dong Yan. Carbon and nitrogen co-doped TiO2 with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity [J]. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2007, 46, 2741-2746.
[9] Gaopeng Dai, Suqin Liu, Ying Liang, Huajun Liu, Zhicheng Zhong. A simple preparation of carbon and nitrogen co-doped nanoscaled TiO2 with exposed {001} facets for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity [J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemica, 2013, l368-1369, 38-42.
[10] Yin Hao, Ding Guqiao, Gao Bof, Huang Fuqiang, Xie Xiaoming, Jiang Mianheng. Synthesis of ultrafine titanium dioxide nanowires using hydrothermal method [J]. Materials Research Bulletin, 2012, 47, 3124-3128.
[11] Wang Hai, Liu Yong, Li Ming, Huang Hong, Zhong Minyi, Shen Hui. Hydrothermal growth of large-scale macroporous TiO2 nanowires and its application in 3D dye-sensitized solar cells [J]. Applied Physics A, 2009, 97, 25-29.
[12] Wang Yuanhao, Yang Hongxing, Xu Hongmei. DNA-like dye-sensitized solar cells based on TiO2 nanowire-covered nanotube bilayer film electrodes [J]. Materials Letters, 2010, 64, 164-166.
[13] Yoshida Ryuhei, Suzuki Yoshikazu, Yoshikawa Susumu. Syntheses of TiO2 (B) nanowires and TiO2 anatase nanowires by hydrothermal and post-heat treatments [J]. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 2005, 178, 2179-2185.
[14] Suzuki Yoshikazu ,Yoshikawa Susumu. Synthesis and thermal analyses of TiO2-derived nanotubes prepared by the hydrothermal method [J]. Journal of Materials Research, 2004,19, 982-985.
[15] A.R. Armstrong, G. Armstrong, J. Canales, R. Garaca, P.G. Bruce. Lithium-ion intercalation into TiO2-B nanowires. Advanced Materials [J], 2005, 17,862-865.
[16] P.G. Wu, C.H. Ma , J.K. Shang. Effects of nitrogen doping on optical properties of TiO2 thin films [J]. Applied Physics A, 2005, 81,1411-1417.
[17] Maeda Masahiko, Watanabe Teruyoshi. Visible light photocatalysis of nitrogen-doped titanium oxide films prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition [J]. Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 2006,153,186-190.
[18]Yu Aimin, Wu Guangjun, Zhang Fuxiang, Yang Yali, Guan Naijia. Synthesis and characterization of N-doped TiO2 nanowires with visible light response [J]. Catalysis Letters, 2009, 129, 507-512.
[19] Yu Changlin,Yu Jimmy C. A simple way to prepare C-N-codoped TiO2 photocatalyst with visible-light activity [J]. Catalysis Letters, 2009, 129, 462-470.
[20] H. Li, J. Wang, H. Li, S. Yin, T. Sato. Photocatalytic activity of (sulfur, nitrogen)-codoped mesoporous TiO2 thin films [J], Res. Chem. Intermed., 2010, 36, 27-37.
[21] A. Hu, X. Zhang, K.D. Oakes, P. Peng, Y.N. Zhou, M.R. Servos. Hydrothermal growth of free standing TiO2 nanowire membranes for photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceuticals [J], J. Hazard. Mater., 2011, 189, 278-285.
[22] W. Li, Y. Bai, C. Liu, Z. Yang, X. Feng, X. Lu, N. Van Der Laak, K.Y. Chan. Highly thermal stable and highly crystalline anatase TiO2 for photocatalysis [J], Environ. Sci. Technol., 2009, 43, 5423-5428. -
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